In a landmark decision, the Assam government has announced the withdrawal of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) from Dibrugarh district, effective March 31, 2025. This move marks a significant development in the state’s journey toward lasting peace and is being seen as a direct result of improved law and order in the region.
The History of AFSPA in Assam
AFSPA was first imposed in Assam in 1990 due to a steep rise in insurgency, particularly with the activities of the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA). The Act provided the Indian Armed Forces with sweeping powers in designated “disturbed areas” to operate freely and maintain control. These powers included arresting individuals without warrants, conducting raids, and even using force, raising long-standing concerns among human rights organizations.
The act, while intended to combat militant groups, has been a subject of controversy. Civil society organizations, activists, and residents have often accused security forces of using AFSPA provisions to justify excessive use of power, leading to various human rights violations.
Gradual Withdrawal: A Sign of Progress
Over the last decade, there has been a marked reduction in insurgency and militant activities in Assam. This allowed the government to consider scaling back AFSPA’s implementation. Once applied to the entire state, the law is now only in force in three districts—Tinsukia, Sivasagar, and Charaideo. The removal from Dibrugarh further underscores the improving situation in Upper Assam.
The Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma, emphasized the government’s commitment to peace and development. He stated that the removal of AFSPA from Dibrugarh is part of a broader plan to normalize governance and ensure that residents enjoy the full benefits of democratic rights and civil liberties.
Vision for Dibrugarh: Toward a Second Capital
Dibrugarh has often been referred to as the “Tea City of India,” and it plays a crucial role in the economy of Assam. With improved security and better infrastructure, the state government is now planning to elevate Dibrugarh’s status and transform it into Assam’s second capital.
This development strategy includes enhancing connectivity, boosting tourism, and creating investment opportunities across sectors. The removal of AFSPA is expected to help remove investor hesitation and foster a more open and welcoming business environment in the district.
Social and Economic Impact
The lifting of AFSPA is not just a legal decision but one that carries social and economic significance. Residents are expected to experience more freedom of movement, a stronger sense of security, and improved access to government services.
Educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and public welfare programs can now function with fewer restrictions, and local governance will operate more effectively without the overarching presence of a militarized framework. The move is also expected to help in restoring public confidence and rebuilding the trust between citizens and security agencies.
National and Regional Reactions
The decision to lift AFSPA has been widely praised across political lines and civil society groups. It is seen as a bold and forward-thinking step by the Assam government, aligning with larger national efforts to ensure peace and security in the Northeast without prolonged militarization.
Some regional leaders and human rights activists have welcomed the move while calling for similar actions in other parts of the Northeast where AFSPA continues to be in force. Many believe that this step could set a precedent for phasing out AFSPA across more districts, fostering a better relationship between the people and the administration.
Looking Ahead: Sustaining Peace
Although this development is a milestone, experts suggest that sustaining peace and preventing any resurgence of insurgent activities will require continued vigilance, investment in youth development, and inclusive policymaking. The government will need to work closely with local communities to address historical grievances, provide employment opportunities, and continue developmental efforts.
With better infrastructure, proactive governance, and peace-building efforts, Dibrugarh is poised to emerge as a major hub of economic and cultural activity in Assam. As the district moves forward without the shadow of AFSPA, it symbolizes a new chapter of hope and progress for the people of Assam.
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